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A treasure trove of data showing how the UK’s relationship with food has changed over three generations has been opened by the government.
The National Food Survey, set up by the wartime government concerned about our health and access to food, has been running in some form since 1940. For more than 70 years, households have been filling out diaries of their weekly food and drink purchases to create national estimates of the types and quantities of food we buy and eat.
Information from around 150,000 households who took part in the survey from 1974-2000 has now been published by The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra).
Environment Secretary Elizabeth Truss said: “Food is the heart and soul of our society and this data not only shows what we were eating 40 years ago, but how a change in culture has led to a food revolution.
“Shoppers are more plugged in to where their food comes from than ever before, the internet has brought quality produce to our doorsteps at the click of a button, pop up restaurants are showcasing the latest trends, and exciting global cuisines are now as common as fish and chips.”
Cultural changes that have shaped the food we eat today include:
An advance in technology: in 1974 only 15% of households in the survey owned a freezer. For example, a Leicester household’s shopping list in 1974 included canned milk pudding, canned peas and potatoes. A comparable household in 2000 (when 94% of households owned a freezer) bought frozen cakes, peas and chips. This rise in technology correlates with a drop in households sourcing their own food, with a wartime government asking about owning poultry and access to free eggs before the question was dropped in 1991.
Greater convenience: ‘quick fix’ foods have always been popular, but while households in the 1970s were asked to record levels of instant milk, instant potato and tinned peaches, today sales of convenience foods like frozen pizza and pasta have skyrocketed. In 1989 households were asked for the first time whether they owned a microwave. Since then the number of ready meals we buy has more than doubled.
Spending habits: the way we prioritise our pay packets has changed over the years. For example, a household in Glasgow in 1974 spent £9.10 one week on items such as corned meat, lambs liver and lard. A comparable household in 2000 spent £80.90 on a shopping basket of mineral water, crisps and yoghurt. Although it looks like we’re spending more on food, as a proportion of our pay we spent 24% in 1974 compared with 11% today.
Health consciousness: our consumption of white bread has dropped by 75% since 1974, while brown and wholemeal bread has risen by 85%. Likewise skimmed milk overtook whole milk in the 1990s and we now drink four times as much.
Social changes: the survey finally entered the twentieth century in 1991 when it stopped asking the ‘housewife’, later to be called the ‘main diary keeper’, to fill out the questionnaire.
